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Aeronautical Charts deal with flight.
There are several different types of Aeronautical Charts in the Map & Imagery Library.
These are: JNC (Jet Navigation Charts),
ONC (Operational Navigational Charts), WAC (World Aeronautical Charts),
TPC (Tactical Pilot Charts), GNC (Global Navigation Charts),
and Sectional Aeronautical/ VFR Terminal Area Charts. The purpose of JNCs is to provide charts
suitable for long range, high altitude, high speed navigation. The information on a JNC
includes: topographic features in large cities, roads, railroads, drainage, relief, restricted
areas, LIMF and VOR ranges, radio beacons, and a selection of standard broadcasting stations and
aerodromes. The scale is 1:2,000,000. Relief is indicated by topographic lines, tints, and spot
heights.
The purpose of ONCs is to provide a standard series, covering the land areas of the world, at a
size and scale convenient for navigation by moderate speed aircraft. The information on an ONC
includes: topographic information on cities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distictive
landmarks, drainage, relief, visual and radio aids to navigation, aerodromes, airways, restricted
areas and other data. Relief is shown by contour lines, tints, and spot heights. The scale is
1:1,000,000.
The purpose of WACs is the same as the ONCs. They are a standard series, 1:1,000,000 scale,
covering only the land areas of the world. The information on a WAC includes: cities and towns,
principal roads, railroads, distinctive landmarks, drainage, visual and radio aids to navigation,
aerodromes, airways, restricted areas, obstructions, and other pertinent data. Relief is shown
by spot elevations, contours, and gradient tints. These charts are published by NOAA.
The purpose of TPCs is for use in detailed pre-flight planning and analysis. Specifics in TPCs
focus on ground features significant in visual and radar, low level high speed navigation. The
scale is 1:500,000. The information on a TPC includes: topographic information, principal roads,
railroads, distinctive landmarks, relief, visual and radio aids to navigation, aerodromes,
restricted airspace, vegetation, and other data. Relief is shown by contour lines, tints, and
spot heights.
The purpose of GNCs is to provide charts suitable for aeronautical planning/ operations over long
distances, and enroute navigation in long range high altitude, high speed aircraft. Scale is
1:5,000,000. The information on a GNC includes: princiapl cities and towns, drainage, primary
roads and railroads, prominent culture, shaded relief augmented by tints and spot elevations,
radio aids to navigation, and aerodrome and restricted areas.
The purpose of Sectional Aeronautical/ VFR Terminal Area Charts is for the visual navigation of
slow/ medium speed aircraft. Scales are 1:500,000 and 1:250,000. The information on a Sectional
Aeronautical/ VFR Terminal Area Chart includes: relief, populated places, drainage, railroads,
roads, distinctive landmarks, visual and radio aids to navigation, aerodromes, controlled
airspace, restricted areas, obstrucitons, and related data. Relief is depicted by shading, tints,
and contour lines. VFR terminal Area Charts depict the "terminal control area" which provides
for control of all aircraft within that area. These maps are published by NOAA (National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Association), and cover only the United States.
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Antique maps, in the Map & Imagery Library, are original maps that were produced before 1926.
These maps cover many areas of the world, including, but not limited to: Florida, the Holy Lands,
Latin America, and Africa. The oldest antique map in the Map & Imagery Library is 1492. Antique
maps are useful when attempting to find locations that no longer exist, or as an insight into
what the mapmaker and his culture thought of the world around them.
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A bound collection of tables, charts, plates, or maps, on any subject. Atlases are not just about
the physical and political characteristics of the earth. There are Atlases on wine, railroads,
history, UFO sightings, and more.
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Cartographic odds and ends that are unique in either appearance, application, or both.
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Compact Disk Read Only Memory.
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Non-copyrighted, generalized maps of every country in the world. Produced by the Central
Intelligence Agency. Most of the maps are 8 1/2 X 11 inches in size, though some larger copies
are available. Frequently, a minimum of two different maps are available for the same region
for each new set. One is a base-map, showing the outline of the country, major cities, and
major highways. The second map shows the relief of the region by shading. Special topics maps may
also be published on the same area.
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Country Studies are a "area handbook series" covering many countries of the world. Each country
is a separate volume. These reference books are prepared by the Federal Research Division of the
Library of Congress. Topics that may be covered are: politics, economics, social structure, and
national security systems and institutions. The authors seek to provide a basic understanding
of the observed society. Particular attention is devoted to the people who make up the society.
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Modern day reproductions of an antique map.
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FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) produces FIRMs (Flood Insurance Rate Maps). Floodplain
boundaries show the limits of the 100 and 500 year floodplains. FIRMs take into account local
hydrology, topography, precipitation, and flood protection measures when showing flood risks.
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The areas designated on a Flood Prone map are those that have a 1 chance in 100 of being flooded
in any year. Flood Prones are not put together by use of detailed surveys. They are instead
taken from information on past floods. Flood Prone maps do not take into account flood control
measures, except where the effects of those measures have been evaluated.
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There are two main types of Gazetteers. The first type is a detailed roadmap/ travel guide.
Information that may be included in these gazetteers are: roads, topography, place name index,
recreation areas, historic sites, attracitons, trails, campgrounds, fishing, etc.... Detailed
streetmaps may be included for major cities.
The second type of gazetteer associates geographic names with longitude and latitude. These
gazetteers may also have another column of information indicating whether the place that is
named is a stream, reservoir, hill, cemetery, monastery, island, populated place, etc....
References to a corresponding map may also be made. Gazetteers rarely have graphic/ map information
in them at all. They are almost exclusively text.
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A county-wide map that shows all of the roads, except within city limits. The maps are compiled
from USGS quadrangle maps, aerial photography, road inventory surveys, and other map data.
Railroads, lakes, and rivers are also depicted. Other information that may be given is: parks,
boat ramps, post offices, schools, cemetarys, etc.. Township, range, and section information,
along with longitude and latitude are also given.
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Geological maps can cover any one of many different topics. Geological maps may cover oil and
gas exploration, mineral deposits, bedrock, fault lines, erosion, volcanoes, and more. A very
general description would be any map that deals with the history/ physical qualities of the earth.
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A 3-D, round representation of the earth, or a similar subject (planets, stars).
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Any map/ resource which depicts a past event or circumstance. These materials may not be
"antique maps", though they may show something hundreds of years in the past.
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A map which shows the use of the land, whether it be for urban development or wildlife
preservation.
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A map that is based upon a book or many books. The places or events depicted may not be real.
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Any map in the Map & Imagery Library that has an accompanying book. Map and books are kept
in separate areas because they are stored differently, though they will both have the same call
number. Maps Accompanying Books are the same as any other map, except for the additional text,
and being kept separate from other maps.
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Aerial photography printed as blueprints at the 1:24,000 scale. They are of the same size as USGS topographic maps. The
photography was done in 1972-73.
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National Forest Service maps show the area covered by a particular National Forest. It also
gives information on: recreation facilities, camping areas, trails, roads, restrictions, etc..
There may also be extenxive text information/ instrucions on the back of the map. Township,
range, and section, longitude and latitude, and location of the park within the state are also
given by National Forest Service Maps.
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National Park Service maps show the area covered by a particular National Park. Other information
may be added to the base map, such as recreation facilities or trails. Text information is
generally given as well.
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National Wetlands Inventory maps are blueprint maps drawn at a 1:24,000 scale. They have
topographic lines, just like the USGS topographic maps.
National Wetlands Inventory maps show wetlands identified by aerial photography based on
vegetation, visible hydrology, and geography in accordance with Classification of Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats of the United States (FWS/0Bs 79/31 December 1979). Information on the system
and subsystem classification of wetlands is also available on the maps.
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A maps that shows the depths of the oceans, rivers, bays, etc.. Depths are recorded in fathoms.
Lighthouses, beacons, submarine pipelines and cables, wrecks, longitude and latitude, bottom
characteristics, and explosives dumping areas are just some of the information listed on Nautical
Maps. Rarely, if ever, is inland information included.
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